英语语法:in of on的用法
第三个正确
on表在什么上面
in表在什么里面
of表什么什么的;因为;在什么方面介词 prep.
1....的,属于
One of the legs of the table is broken.
桌子的一条腿坏了。
Mr. Brown is a friend of mine.
布朗先生是我的朋友。
2.用...做成的;由...制成
The house is of stone.
这房子是石建的。
3.含有...的;装有...的
4....之中的;...的成员
Of all the students in this class, Tom is the best.
在这个班级中,汤姆是最优秀的。
5.(表示同位)
He came to New York at the age of ten.
他在十岁时来到纽约。
6.(表示宾格关系)
He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy.
他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。
7.(表示主格关系)
We waited for the arrival of the next bus.
我们等待下一班汽车的到来。
I have the complete works of Shakespeare.
我有莎士比亚全集。
8.来自...的;出自
He was a graduate of the University of Hawaii.
他是夏威夷大学的毕业生。
9.因为
Her son died of hepatitis.
她儿子因患肝炎而死。
10.在...方面
My aunt is hard of hearing.
我姑妈耳朵有点聋。
11.【美】(时间)在...之前
12.(表示具有某种性质)
It is a matter of importance.
这是一件重要的事。
关于英语语法的问题
主语是一个句子的主题,它的位置一般在一句之首,可用做主语的有单词,短语,从句乃至句子.如:
The man (主语)grasped the boy(宾语) by the hand.那男人抓住那个男孩的手.
Is would be nice to see her again .如果可以再见她一面,那将是一件令人开心的事.(句子做主语)
宾语是动作的承受者,一般置于及物动词之后,但有时为了强调,宾语也可以置于句首可以用作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,副词,不定式,动名词,介词短语,从句等,如:
He kicked the door.他(主语)踢门(门是动作的承受者,是宾语)
Do you (宾语)really mean to go to swimming?你真的要去游泳吗?
表语的功能是表述主语的特征,状态,身份等.它可以说是一种主语的补足语.它位于连系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构,在系表结构中,连系动词知识形式上谓语,而真正起谓语作用的则市表语,可用作表语的有名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语,从句等,如:
It is a pity (表语)thatNancy cannot come to the party.
令人遗憾的是兰西不能;来参加宴会了.
The new (主语)is(连系动词) ture(表语).那消息是真的.
分 词
分词是TOEEL必考内容,在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。分词的命题形式非常广泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure两部分。有时,即使分词不是题目焦点,但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在(1)分词的形容词特性、(2)分词短语作后置定语、(3) 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。
分词常考题型及解题要点:
1. 分词具有形容词特征,可单独作定语或表语。
全真例题分析
(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)
[答案] B 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist,故应改用分词respected形式,其作用相当于形容词作定语。
(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)
[答] C 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式,即fixed。
(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)
[答案] A 修饰名词hues,应用分词形式arranged。
(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)
[答案] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语,作用相当于一个形空词。
2. 分词短语作定语,放置于中心名词后面
解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而,考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上,分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。
全真例题分析
(1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------
(A) the uses for livestock feed
(B) for using livestock feed
(C) used for livestock feed
(D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)
[答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant,作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed
(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.
(A) representing
(B) represented
(C) are represented
(D) they are representing (92.10)
[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语,作用相当于一个定语从句:which represent numbers and their logarithms。
(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will
(A) to know
(B) known
(C) knowing
(D) knew them (94.1)
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…
(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)
[答案] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语,修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。
(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)
[答案] D 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。
3. 分词短语作状语
解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时,状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语,但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物,此类分词短语通常置于句首。
全真例题分析
(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.
(A) Known
(B) Knowing
(C) To known
(D) Knowledge (92.5)
[答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.
(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .
(A) Founded
(B) Founding
(C) To found
(D) Having founded (92.1)
[答案] A 分词短语表示时间,其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.
(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
(A) In 1827 they drafted
(B) The draft in 1827
(C) In 1872 was drafted
(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)
[答案] D分词短语作状语,表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句;where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.
4. 现在分词表达主动的概念;过去分词表达被动的概念
全真例题分析
(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)
[答案] A 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用过去词Tudped to be.
(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ,beans, and tobacco. (92.1)
[答案] B通常我们说to be based on ,这个短语表示被动概念(基于,以…为基础),所以应改用过去分词based。
(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)
[答案] B根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by,可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念,因此,应用过去分词divided by。
(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)
[答案] D 分词in cluded与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系,不应用过去分词,应改为惯用现在分词短语in cluding + 名词宾语的结构。
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语
for和to的简单区别是什么?
for和to的区别为:一、指代不同1、for:为了,关于。2、to:向,朝,往。二、侧重点不同1、for:后面连接名词。2、to:后面连接动词。三、引证用法不同1、for:for是并列连词,引导的是并列从句,表示原因的语气很弱,一般是对结果作出推断性的补充说明或解释,不表示直接原因, for前多加逗号。2、to:to表示交际的动作一般是单向的,to一般是善意的。
for和to的区别是什么?
to和for的区别有:后接词的属性不同、词义不同以及词性不同。一、后接词的属性不同1、for后加动名词,人称加宾格。例句:They worked on the plantations for 75 dollars per week.他们在种植园干活,每周工资75美元。2、to与动词连用,构成不定式。例句:I'm going to have to explain to them that I can't pay them.我将不得不向他们解释我不能付钱给他们。二、词义不同for:1、表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。2、表示“当作、作为”。3、表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对……(而言)”。4、表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。5、表示“支持、赞成”。to:1、向、至、往。2、(用于表示时间)在```之前。3、用于表达对某物的看法或感受。4、用于表达某人对某事的反应或态度。三、词性不同for只能是介词。to可以用作连接词,介词等词性。