2014专八考试常见词汇记忆(十四)
1. spatial adj. concerning or existing in space 空间的,有关空间的,存在于空间的
e.g.: The spatial qualities of the new concert hall attract a lot of people.
派生词汇 spatialism n. (现代画派中的)空间主义spatiality n. 空间性,空间状态 spatially adv. 空间地
2. apoplexy n. sudden inability to feel or move, caused by the blockage or rupture of an artery in the brain 中风,卒中
e.g.: Nowadays, more and more people of middle age suffer from apoplexy.
派生词汇 apoplectic adj. (患)中风的 n. 患中风者
3. corpus n. collection of written or sometimes spoken texts (书面的,有时为口语的) 资料,文献,汇编
e.g.: I have got the entire corpus of Milton’s works.
4. colossus n. person or thing of very great size, importance, ability, etc. 非常巨大,重要,有能量等的人或事物
e.g.: Mozart is a colossus among composers.
5. transcendent adj. extremely great; supreme 卓越的;至高无上的
e.g.: Most of the people fail to achieve a transcendent significance in suffering and squalor.
Beyond the limits of experience and hence unknowable (philosophy) 超验的(哲学)
e.g.: Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason considers the thing-in-itself as transcendent.
派生词汇 transcendently adv. 超验地 transcendentness n. 超验 transcendency n. 超越性,卓越 transcendental adj. 先验的
6. trooper n.(US) member of a State police force 州警察
e.g.: He dreams to be a trooper.
7. buffalo
①n. kinds of large, usu wild ox in India, Asia, Europe and Africa; North American bison 水牛;(南非或北美的)野牛
e.g.: The buffalo likes to lie in water.
②vt. to intimidate, as by a display of confidence or authority 威胁,恐吓(用显示信心或权势来恫吓)
e.g.: The board couldn’t buffalo the federal courts as it had the Comptroller.
8.stampede
①vi/vt. (cause) to run in panic (使动物或人)惊逃,蜂拥
e.g.: The cattle stampeded towards the farm.
②n. a sudden frenzied rush 惊逃,突然狂奔
e.g.: There was a stampede of panic-stricken crowd from the burning hotel.
必背搭配 stampede(sb)into doing sth.
9. havoc n. widespread damage; great destruction (大范围的)破坏,(巨大的)毁坏
e.g.: The floods created havoc.
必背搭配:Play (raise) havoc with/ among
10.judiciary n. judges of a country collectively 法官(总称)
e.g.: Judiciary must be just.
Exercise:
从以上单词中选出最恰当的词,填入空格内。
An __1__stroke will give the apoplectic much pain.
A __2__bureaucracy impeded greatly the advancement of the developing countries.
Philosophers often explicitly reject the notion of any __3__reality beyond though thought and claim to be concerned only with thought itself.
He tried to __4__me at first meeting but I soon caught on to his tricks.
The wild party created __5__in the house.
答案:
1. apoplectic
2. colossus
3. transcendent
4. buffalo
5. havoc
2014专八考试常见词汇记忆(六)
1. condemnation n. An expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable 谴责,严厉指责
e.g.: He deserved nothing but condemnation.
派生词汇 condemn vt. 谴责 condemning adj. 谴责的 condemningly adv. 谴责地 condemnable adj. 该罚的,该受谴责的 condemnatory adj. 处罚的,定罪的;谴责的
2. persecution n. the act of oppressing or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, sexual orientation, or beliefs 迫害,烦扰
e.g.: They suffered persecution for their beliefs.
派生词汇 persecute vt. 迫害,困扰 persecutor n. 迫害者,虐待者 persecute n. 受迫害者
3. pitiful adj. inspiring or deserving pity 可怜的,引起或值得同情的
e.g.: Their suffering was pitiful to see. 他们受的苦让人见了同情。
派生词汇 pitifulness n. 可怜 pitifully adv. 可怜地
4. cleanse vt. To make thoroughly clean or purge of an ideology, bad thoughts, or sins 使彻底清洁;清洁或使(思想等)变纯洁
e.g.: She felt cleansed of her sins after confession.
派生词汇 cleanser n. 清洁工人;清洁剂;清洁器
5. macaque n. a kind of monkey 猕猴,恒河猴,短尾猴
e.g.: There are three features of Japanese macaques.
6. retaliation n. action taken in return for an injury or offence 报复
e.g.: The situation is complicated by the retaliations of the two sides.
派生词汇 retaliate vt. 报仇,反击 retaliative adj. 报复性的 retaliatory adj. 报复的
7. analogous adj. partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy 类似的,相似的
e.g.: The two processes are not analogous.
必背搭配 be analogous to
派生词汇 analogue n. 相似物,类似情况 analogy n. 类推,类比 analogousness n. 类似,相似性 analogously adv. 相似地
8. pecking-order n. a hierarchy among a group, as of people, classes, or nations任何团体中之长幼尊卑次序
e.g.: Newcomers have to accept their position at the bottom of the pecking-order.
9. ethnologist n. student or expert in ethnology 民族学研究者,民族学家
e.g.: Amy is an ethnologist.
派生词汇 ethnology n. 人种学 ethnologic(ethnological) adj. 人种学的
ethnologically adv. 人种学地
10. correlate
①vt. to put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation 使相互关联
e.g.: I cannot correlate these two pieces of information.
② vi. to be related by a correlation 和……相关
e.g.: The results of this experiment do not correlate with the results of earlier ones.
③adj. related by a correlation, especially having corresponding characteristics 相关的,关联的
e.g.: The diameter and the circumference of a circle are correlate. 圆的直径与圆周有相互关系。
④n. either of two correlate entities; a correlative 相关一方,两个相对应的方面的任一方
e.g.: Scientific research requires a careful study of all the correlates.
必背搭配 correlate with
派生词汇 correlatable adj. 相关的,可对比的 correlated adj. 相关的
11. predator n. animal that kills and eats other animals 掠夺者,食肉动物
e.g.: Tiger is predator.
派生词汇 predatory adj. 食肉的,掠夺性的
12.necessitate vt. to make sth necessary 使成为必要
e.g.: It’s an unpopular measure, but the situation necessitates it. 这是不得人心的办法,但是形势要求这样做。
派生词汇 necessity n. 必要性,需要;[常用复数]必需品 necessitation n. 迫使,被迫 necessitous adj. 紧迫的;穷的,贫困的
13. colossal adj. very large 巨大的
e.g.: This is a colossal building.
派生词汇 colossus n. (pl. colossi) 巨像,巨人,巨物
14. deposit
①vt. to settle 沉积
e.g.: The Nile floods the fields and deposits mud on them.
②n. something deposited, especially by a natural process 沉积物
e.g.: Valuable mineral deposits have been found in this region.
派生词汇 depository n. 储藏室,存放处;受托人,保管人
15. silt
①n. sand, mud etc carried by flowing water and left at the mouth of a river, in a harbor, etc.淤泥
e.g.: The dam can prevent the deposit of silt.
②vi. to become filled with silt 被淤塞,使塞满泥沙
e.g.: The old channel has been silted up.
派生词汇 silty adj. 淤泥的,塞满了淤泥的
Exercise
从以上单词中选出最恰当的词,填入空格内。
Purgatory is supposed to __1__you from your sins.
The Israeli army __2__for the Hamas bombing.
Human heart is an__3__ of the pump.
The astronauts had developed a __4__that was military in its rigidity.
Research workers find it hard to__5__the two sets of figures.
The pessimists consider the bourgeois society is a__6__, insensate world in which innocence and decency can prove fatal.
The increase in population__7__ a greater food supply.
There remain the __8__ crumbling ruins of an ancient temple beside the left bank of the river.
If you evaporate a little seawater on a porcelain dish; on cooling, crystals of common salt will__9__on the sides of the dish.
River sediments gradually __10__ the harbor.
答案:
1. cleanse
2. retaliated
3. analogous
4. pecking-order
5.correlate
6.predator
7. necessitates
8.colossal
9. deposit
10. silted
求一些军事的英文专用术语
All-clear — 周围安全;
Affirmative — (无线电)表肯定: 是的, 了解. Yes;
Negative — (无线电)表否定: 不. No;
Roger that — (无线电)收到;
Over (无线电)完毕(等待回话). "我说完了, 该你了";
Out 或Clear — (无线电)完毕(不要求对方回话);
Roger(that) — (无线电)收到. Roger是无线电中字母 R的读法, 表示received"收到", 就跟我们把 7念做"拐"一样;
Copy — (无线电)明白, 清楚, 了解(不仅是收到);
Wilco — Will Comply的缩写, 遵命, 我会照办 (而不仅仅是明白);
Go Ahead — (无线电)请讲, 说吧;
Say Again — (无线电)再说一遍. 非常口语化, 有人会觉得用 Repeat显得更专业. 殊不知, Repeat在呼叫炮火支援时, 是代表"再来一轮"的意思, 很容易混淆;
Need back up — 需要支援;
Cover me — 掩护我;
Suppressing fire(covering fire) — 火力支援, 火力掩护;
Fire in the hole !— 要爆炸了! 并不是光表示扔手榴弹. 这个词源自前装炮的时代, 当时的大炮是从前端装火药, 然后在炮身的小孔里面灌传火药或者药引, 再用明火点燃的. 点炮的时候, 火就从炮身的小孔经过, 所以叫"fire in the hole", 提醒大家要开炮了. 后来, 工兵在引爆炸弹的时候也这么喊, 现在已经泛指所有的爆炸了.;
cease fire /colh your fire — 停火.
下面的是我从现代战争2里面发现的
copy that ,hunter 2-1
2-1copies 2-2copies all 2-3soliy copy 这些是收到的意思
下面是其中一段过场动画里面的,酷毙了
NORAD HQ: Sand Bravo. We are reading 70 bogeys in your sector. Please verify.
Nome AFB: Very funny, Station. That’s a big negative, over.
NORAD HQ: Sand Bravo, be advised, running diagnostics to scan for malfunction.
Nome AFB: The skies are clear, Station. You got yourself some phantom dots, over.
NORAD HQ: Zulu X-ray 6. Signs in your sector of some 100 bogeys, please advise.
Vandenberg AFB: Negatory, Station. Scope is clear. I dunno what to tell ya. Solar interference? Heavy sunspot activity today.
NORAD HQ: Sierra Delta, uh…we may have a minor ACS fault here. Do you have anything on your scope?
Air Traffic Controller: They’re everywhere!
NORAD HQ: Sierra Delta, repeat!
Air Traffic Controller: I’m lookin’ at fighter jets over I-95! How the hell did they get through?
NORAD HQ: Standby! Attempting to contact the nearest unit in that sector.
Sgt. Foley: I read you. This is First Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment, Sgt. Foley, acting commander of Hunter Two-One. Do you copy, over?
NORAD HQ: All Stations, be advised – satellite surveillance has been disabled. SOSUS and Pave Paws arrays are inoperative at this time.
翻译:
北美防空司令部:沙B,我们检测到你防区内出现数量近70的不明物,请核实。
沙B:很好笑,我这什么都没有。
北美防空司令部:沙B,请检测系统错误。
沙B:天空很干净,我什么都没看到,你看到的是鬼影吧.
北美防空司令部:祖鲁X光6号,我们在你防区内检测到60多个不明物,请核实。
祖鲁X光6号:望远镜里什么都没有,紫外线干扰吧,今天太阳黑子很活跃。
北美防空司令部:山脊D,ACS模块可能有系统错误,你那看得到什么吗?
空中管制:他们铺天盖地的来了!
北美防空司令部:山脊D!请重复!
空中管制:我从I-95看到一堆喷气式战机!他们怎么过来的到底!
北美防空司令部:冷静!我在尝试联系离你们防区最近的部队。
福力中士:我听到了。这里是75游骑兵团一营,我是猎人小队2—1指挥官福利中士,听到吗?
北美防空司令部:警告所有观测站,卫星监视已经失效,SOSUS和密爪阵列也已停止工作!
求军事术语 英语的
All-clear — 周围安全;
Affirmative — (无线电)表肯定: 是的, 了解. Yes;
Negative — (无线电)表否定: 不. No;
Roger that — (无线电)收到;
Over (无线电)完毕(等待回话). "我说完了, 该你了";
Out 或Clear — (无线电)完毕(不要求对方回话);
Roger(that) — (无线电)收到. Roger是无线电中字母 R的读法, 表示received"收到", 就跟我们把 7念做"拐"一样;
Copy — (无线电)明白, 清楚, 了解(不仅是收到);
Wilco — Will Comply的缩写, 遵命, 我会照办 (而不仅仅是明白);
Go Ahead — (无线电)请讲, 说吧;
Say Again — (无线电)再说一遍. 非常口语化, 有人会觉得用 Repeat显得更专业. 殊不知, Repeat在呼叫炮火支援时, 是代表"再来一轮"的意思, 很容易混淆;
Need back up — 需要支援;
Cover me — 掩护我;
Suppressing fire(covering fire) — 火力支援, 火力掩护;
Fire in the hole !— 要爆炸了! 并不是光表示扔手榴弹. 这个词源自前装炮的时代, 当时的大炮是从前端装火药, 然后在炮身的小孔里面灌传火药或者药引, 再用明火点燃的. 点炮的时候, 火就从炮身的小孔经过, 所以叫"fire in the hole", 提醒大家要开炮了. 后来, 工兵在引爆炸弹的时候也这么喊, 现在已经泛指所有的爆炸了.;
cease fire /colh your fire — 停火.
古代打仗之时,大炮使用的铁球是实心弹吗
古代打仗之时,大炮使用的铁球是实心弹吗?其威力怎么样?古代火炮大多都是最基础的前膛加农炮,本质便是一根被堵住了尾端的大铁管,在装弹的时候,需要依此把火药跟炮弹从炮管未封口的前端炮口处塞入,接着点燃钻在炮管尾端的引火孔处的导火索或是引火药,进而引燃炮膛内的黑火药,将实心炮弹射出。且绝大多数的炮弹就是一个实心铁球,这种炮弹在发射之后就跟保龄球一般,可以把成排的士兵打倒。毕竟古人作战,主要就是采用步兵方阵,人贴人十分密集。所以实心弹对这样的方针有很大的威胁,炮弹打出去后能够击穿数排的敌兵。在炮弹碰到了地面以后,还会反弹继续攻击,滚动很远的距离。这样反复多次之后,杀伤力也就上来了。而且按照记载,那时候一枚实心的铁弹,可以轻易打穿二十排的步兵纵队。其实在更早期像是十四世纪的时候,那时的大炮也叫射石炮,发射的炮弹都是实心石弹。那种炮弹在打中了城墙以后会直接碎裂,使得敌人无法将之捡起来继续使用。另外,古代也是有榴弹的。榴弹也叫做开花弹,早在公元世纪世纪中国便有其记载,欧洲地区的榴弹在拿破仑战争后也变得比较常见起来,这是利用弹丸爆炸以后产生的破片、内部霰弹以及冲击波去杀伤或爆破的一种炮弹。但是因为早期的时候榴弹铸造技术落后,用到的空心壳体差不多都是用两个分别铸造的半球组成的,材料强度很低,无法承受太高的膛压,但是加农炮有一个特点便是膛压很高。真的要使用的话会有一定的危险,毕竟在使用的时候时必须要先点燃引信,在发射大炮,很有可能会在炮弹发射除去之前便于炮管里面爆炸了,炮毁人亡的局面不是不可能出现。所以那时候的人们在使用榴弹的时候,通常都是用大口径短管臼炮来发射,这种大炮的膛压低,更加安全一些。榴弹在古代不流行还有一个原因,那时候榴弹内部的装药量非常少,且装的还是威力较低的黑火药。这种榴弹的威力只会相当感人,炸完以后很有可能只是崩成两半,要么是完全不会爆炸,其在战场上可以取到的效果,并没有比实心铁球好太多。所以也不是很流行。对榴弹发展至关重要的弹托、木质锥形信管以及炮弹整体铸造技术在十八世纪后期才发明出来。那时因为科技的发展,令榴弹的威力以及安全性得到了提升,慢慢地就被各国军队所青睐。古代大炮的炮弹种类其实还有很多,除了最为常见的实心弹以及比较少见的榴弹以外,还有霰弹、链弹、葡萄弹、钉弹、杠弹、刃弹、箭弹等等,用于应对不同的需求跟场景。要是真的打急了眼,炮手们甚至会把自己可以找到的一切都塞进大炮里(铁钉子、铁蒺藜、铁扳手、老虎钳子等),反正火药都会赋予它们强大的杀伤力。
古代大炮里面的铁球是不是实心的威力多大
古代大炮里面的铁球是不是实心的 大炮的威力有多大在看古代战争剧的时候,经常能看到古代一些火炮都是前膛上炮弹,而且炮弹基本都是清一色的铁球,发射后竟然能爆炸。这种铁球根本没有装炸药,杀伤力也不大,到底这个铁球是什么炮弹?是实心的还是空心的?古代火炮的炮弹,一种是实心不易碎的,为实心弹,射程较远,主要用来攻城和水战,也就是传说中的一发入魂,材质为实心铁球和花岗岩石球。一种是易碎的,分实心或空心的,实心的一般以砂岩球和瓦球为主,主要用来杀伤人员,这类炮弹装填的时候是一个整体,出膛时就碎成大小不一的碎片了,也就是大喷子,射程较近。当然,早期是直接填装碎石铁砂,后期则是把铁砂装在瓦罐里。而炮弹的形式有以下三种,分别为实心弹、霰弹、开花弹,实心就是我们经常见到的铁球,主要是攻击硬目标,比如破城墙或者城门。铁球炮弹发射后如果碰到了地面,它会反弹还会持续攻击。因为古代炮弹是圆的,发出去后会滚动很远,碰者皆死。如果反复多次,杀伤力还是不错的。不仅如此,这种实心弹的威力对付密集的步兵方阵也非常有效。你可以想象一下,一个十几斤重的铁旮瘩以二百米每秒的速度砸进人堆里。据记载曾经有枚实心弹贯穿了26列步兵方阵,这一下子就得死伤几十号人,威力相当可观。而霰弹、开花弹主要是对敌人步兵进行攻击,我们国家古代就出现了著名的火炮—红衣大炮。红衣大炮其实就是一种实心弹火炮,实战里打急眼了,连铁钉子、铁蒺藜、铁扳手、老虎钳子都能装炮里发射出去。开花弹在明朝时期出现过,不过这种开花弹引爆方式极为不安全,很有可能会造成炸膛。在拿破仑时代欧洲的那种开花弹,外面就是一层铁皮,里面是炸药,延时引信技术也不过关,价格昂贵,所以拿破仑的炮兵用的基本上都是实心弹。古代火炮都是从炮管装药,先加入发射药,然后放入弹丸用捣棍捣实。点燃发射药,发射药瞬间爆燃,产生高温高压气体把弹丸推出去!这个弹丸基本上就是块金属球或者磨好的石球。